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Home / In the 1848 Election Martin Van Buren Ran for President Again as the Nominee for the Democrats

In the 1848 Election Martin Van Buren Ran for President Again as the Nominee for the Democrats

United States presidential election, 1848
← 1844 November 7, 1848 1852 →
All 290 electoral votes of the Balloter College
146 electoral votes needed to win
Turnout 72.seven%[1]
ZacharyTaylor small.png 150x150px MartinVanBuren.png
Nominee Zachary Taylor Lewis Cass Martin Van Buren
Party Whig Democratic Free Soil
Dwelling house state Louisiana Michigan New York
Running mate Millard Fillmore William O. Butler Charles F. Adams
Electoral vote 163 127 0
States carried xv 15 0
Popular vote 1,361,393 one,223,460 291,501
Percentage 47.3% 42.five% 10.1%
ElectoralCollege1848.svg

Presidential election results map. Bluish denotes states won by Cass/Butler, Orangish denotes those won by Taylor/Fillmore. Numbers signal the number of electoral votes allotted to each state.
President before election

James K. Polk
Democratic

 Elected President

Zachary Taylor
Whig

The U.s.a. presidential election of 1848 was the 16th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 1848. It was won by Zachary Taylor of the Whig Party, who ran against one-time President Martin Van Buren of the Free Soil Party and Lewis Cass of the Democratic Party. Incumbent President James K. Polk, having achieved all of his major objectives in 1 term and suffering from declining health, kept his hope not to seek re-election.

The competition was the offset presidential election that took identify on the same day in every land, and it was the first time that Ballot Day was statutorily a Tuesday.[ii]

The Whigs in 1846-47 had focused all their energies on condemning Polk's war policies. They had to reverse course chop-chop. In February 1848 Polk surprised everyone with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the Mexican-American State of war and gave the United States vast new territories (including what are now the states of California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, and New United mexican states). The Whigs in the Senate voted 2-1 to corroborate the treaty. And then, in the summer, the Whigs nominated the hero of the war, Zachary Taylor.[3] While he did hope no more hereafter wars, he did non condemn the Mexican-American State of war or criticize Polk, and the Whigs had to follow his atomic number 82. They shifted their attention to the new issue of whether slavery could be banned from the new territories.

The choice of Taylor was made almost out of desperation; he was not clearly committed to Whig principles, but he was pop for leading the war effort. The Democrats had a record of victory, peace, prosperity, and the acquisition of both Oregon and the Southwest. Information technology appeared almost certain that they would win unless the Whigs picked Taylor. His victory made him one of only two Whigs to be elected president before the party ceased to be in the 1850s; the other was William Henry Harrison, who had also been a full general and war hero, only died a month afterwards bold function.

Contents

  • ane Nominations
    • one.1 Whig Party nomination
    • 1.2 Democratic Party nomination
    • 1.three Free Soil Party nomination
    • 1.4 Freedom Party nomination
    • 1.5 Other nominations
  • ii General election
    • two.1 Campaign
    • 2.2 Results
  • 3 Results past state
  • 4 Electoral college choice
  • 5 See also
  • 6 References
  • 7 Bibliography
  • viii External links
  • 9 Navigation

Nominations

Whig Party nomination

Mexican-American War General Zachary Taylor of Louisiana, an attractive candidate considering of his successes on the battlefield, merely who had never voted in an election himself, was openly courted by both the Democratic and Whig parties. Taylor ultimately declared himself a Whig, and easily took their nomination, receiving 171 delegate votes to defeat Henry Dirt, Winfield Scott, Daniel Webster and others. After Webster turned down the vice-presidential candidacy, Millard Fillmore received the party's nomination for vice-president; defeating—among others—Abbott Lawrence, a Massachusetts politician whose mild opposition to slavery led him to be dubbed a "Cotton Whig".[4]

Democratic Party nomination

Former President Martin Van Buren once more sought the Autonomous nomination, merely Lewis Cass was nominated on the fourth ballot.[5] Cass had served as Governor and Senator for Michigan, as well every bit Secretary of War under Andrew Jackson, and from 1836 to 1842 as ambassador to France. General William O. Butler was nominated to join Cass on the ticket, garnering 169 consul votes to defeat five other candidates, including future Vice-President William R. King and futurity Confederate President Jefferson Davis.

The Democrats chose a platform that remained silent on slavery, and with Cass suspected of pro-slavery leanings, many anti-slavery Democrats walked out of the Baltimore convention to begin the Free Soil Party. Van Buren had burned for the nomination, but he had wanted it on a Free Soil platform. Neither his proper noun nor his stand received any support at the Autonomous convention.

Free Soil Party nomination

The Free Soil Party, was organized for the 1848 election to oppose further expansion of slavery into the western territories. Much of its back up came from disaffected anti-slavery Democrats, including old President Martin Van Buren. The party was led by Salmon P. Hunt and John Parker Hale and held its 1848 convention in Utica and Buffalo, New York. On June 22, Van Buren defeated Hale by a 154-129 delegate count to capture the Free Soil nomination, while Charles Francis Adams, the son and grandson of two other presidents, was called as the vice-presidential nominee.

Van Buren knew that the Free Soilers had not the slightest chance of winning, rather that his candidacy would split the Autonomous vote and throw the ballot to the Whigs. Bitter and aging, Van Buren did not care despite the fact his life had been built upon the rock of political party solidarity and party regularity. He loathed Lewis Cass and the principle of popular sovereignty with equal intensity.[v]

Freedom Party nomination

Despite their pregnant showing in the prior presidential election, sure events would conspire to remove the Freedom Party from political significance.

Initially, the nomination was to exist decided in the autumn of 1847 at a Convention in Buffalo, New York. There, Senator John P. Hale was nominated over Gerrit Smith, blood brother-in-police force to the party'southward previous nominee James Chiliad. Birney. Leicester Male monarch, a former gauge and state senator in Ohio, was nominated to be Unhurt's running mate. Anti-slavery Democrats and Whigs, disappointed with their respective nominees, would class a new movement in conjunction with members of the Liberty Political party such as John Hale and Salmon Hunt to form the Complimentary Soil Political party that summer. At this point, both Hale and King withdrew in favor of a Costless Soil ticket lead by quondam President Martin Van Buren, and the keen majority of members of the Liberty Party followed. A small faction refused to back up Van Buren for the presidency, nonetheless. They held another convention in June 1848 every bit the "National Freedom Party." Gerrit Smith was nominated almost unanimously with Charles Foote, a religious government minister from Michigan, as his running-mate.

Other nominations

The Native American Party, a precursor to the Know Nothings, met in September 1847 in Philadelphia, where they nominated Zachary Taylor for president and Henry A. Southward. Dearborn of Massachusetts for vice-president. Taylor was nominated for the presidency by the Whig Party the following year, rendering his previous nomination moot.

Full general election

Campaign

The campaign was fought without much enthusiasm, and practically without an result. Neither of the two great parties made an effort to rally the people to the defence force of whatsoever important principle.

Whig campaigners, which included Abraham Lincoln and Rutherford B. Hayes, talked up Taylor's "antiparty" opposition to the Jacksonian delivery to the spoils system and yellow-dog partisanship. In the S, they stressed that he was a Louisiana slaveholder, while in the North they highlighted his Whiggish willingness to defer to Congress on major issues (which he afterwards did not exercise).

Democrats repeated, as they had for many years, their opposition to a national bank, high tariffs, and federal subsidies for local improvements. The Free Soilers branded both major parties lackeys of the Slave Ability, arguing that the rich planters controlled the agenda of both parties, leaving the ordinary white man out of the picture. They had to work around Van Buren's well-known reputation for compromising with slavery.

The Whigs had the reward of highlighting Taylor'due south military machine glories. With Taylor remaining vague on the issues, the entrada was dominated by personalities and personal attacks, with the Democrats calling Taylor vulgar, uneducated, cruel and greedy, and the Whigs attacking Cass for graft and dishonesty. The division of the Democrats over slavery allowed Taylor to dominate the Northeast.[six]

The Gratuitous Soilers were on the ballots in only 17 of the 29 states with the popular vote, making it mathematically possible for Van Buren to win the presidency, but realistically his chances were nonexistent. Despite this, the party campaigned vigorously, particularly in the traditional Democrat strongholds in the northeast. While some Free Soilers were hopeful of taking enough states to throw the election into the Business firm of Representatives, Van Buren himself knew this was a long shot, and that the best they could do was lay the groundwork for a hopefully improved showing in 1852.

  • 1848 Entrada Artwork

  • 3b10318u.jpg

    Political drawing most the election entrada, titled "Shooting the Christmas Turkey"

  • 1000 Presidential sweep-stakes for 1849.jpg

    "Grand Presidential sweep-stakes" - political cartoon of the three chief candidates

Results

File:PresidentialCounty1848Colorbrewer.gif

Results by county explicitly indicating the percent of the winning candidate in each county. Shades of xanthous are for Taylor (Whig), shades of blue are for Cass (Democrat), and shades of dark-green are for Van Buren (Gratuitous Soil).

With Taylor equally their candidate, the Whigs won their second and terminal victory in a Presidential election. Taylor won the electoral college by capturing 163 of the 290 balloter votes. Even so, the popular vote was shut. Although Taylor out-polled Cass in the pop vote by 138,000 votes, he came 79,000 votes shy of a majority. Thus, with 47% of the popular vote, Taylor was elected as a minority president.

A written report of the county returns reveals that Free Soil forcefulness drawn at the expense of the major parties differed by region. In the East North Central States, information technology appears at least the majority of the Free Soil strength was drawn from the Whig Party.

Conversely, in the Middle Atlantic region, Free Soil bases of force lay in the areas which had hitherto been Democratic, peculiarly in New York and northern Pennsylvania. The Costless Soil Democrats nomination of Van Buren made the victory of Taylor about certain in New York. On ballot twenty-four hour period, enough Democratic votes were drawn away past Van Buren to give the Whig ticket all simply two Democratic counties, thus enabling it to carry hitherto impregnable parts of upper New York country. The Democrats, confronted with an irreparable schism in New York, lost the election.

In New England, the Democratic vote declined past 33,000 from its 1844 level, while the Whig vote likewise declined by 15,000 votes. The third-party vote tripled, and the total vote remained about stationary—a partial indication, perhaps, of the derivation of the Gratis Soil forcefulness in this section. For the first time since the beingness of the Whig Party, the Whigs failed to proceeds an absolute majority of the vote in Massachusetts and Vermont. In addition, the Democrats failed to retain their usual majority in Maine; thus but New Hampshire (Democratic) and Rhode Isle (Whig) of the states in this section gave their respective victorious parties clear-cut majorities.

Of the 1,464 counties/independent cities making returns, Cass placed offset in 753 (51.43%), Taylor in 676 (46.17%), and Van Buren in 31 (ii.12%). Four counties (0.27%) in the West split evenly betwixt Taylor and Cass. This was the first time in the Second Political party System in which the victorious party failed to gain at least a plurality of the counties as well equally of the popular vote.

As one historian remarks, somewhat sarcastically, practically the only thing it decided was that a Whig general should exist made President because he had done effective work in carrying on a Democratic war.

Presidential candidate Party Home land Popular vote(a) Electoral
vote		 Running mate
Count Pct Vice-presidential candidate Home state Elect. vote
Zachary Taylor Whig Louisiana 1,361,393 47.3% 163 Millard Fillmore New York 163
Lewis Cass Autonomous Michigan 1,223,460 42.5% 127 William Orlando Butler Kentucky 127
Martin Van Buren Free Soil New York 291,501 10.ane% 0 Charles Francis Adams, Sr. Massachusetts 0
Gerrit Smith Liberty New York 2,545 0.1% 0 Charles C. Foote Michigan 0
Other 285 0.0% — Other —
Total ii,879,184 100% 290 290
Needed to win 146 146

Source (Popular Vote): Leip, David. "1848 Presidential Ballot Results". Dave Leip'southward Atlas of U.South. Presidential Elections . Retrieved July 27, 2005.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> Source (Balloter Vote): "Balloter College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved July 31, 2005.<templatestyles src="Module:Commendation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> (a) The popular vote figures exclude Due south Carolina where the Electors were chosen by the state legislature rather than by popular vote.

Popular vote
Taylor 47.28%
Cass 42.49%
Van Buren 10.12%
Others 0.11%
Electoral vote
Taylor 56.21%
Cass 43.79%

Results by state

This was the outset ballot where the two leading candidates each carried half of the states. Equally of 2012, it has subsequently happened just once, in 1880. Source: Data from Walter Dean Burnham, Presidential ballots, 1836-1892 (Johns Hopkins Academy Press, 1955) pp 247-57.

Zachary Taylor
Whig		 Lewis Cass
Democratic		 Martin Van Buren
Free Soil		 State Total
State electoral
votes		 #  % electoral
votes		 #  % balloter
votes		 #  % electoral
votes		 #
Alabama ix 00013618xxx,482 49.44 - 0004866931,173 50.56 ix no ballots 61,655 AL
Arkansas 3 7,587 44.93 - 9,301 55.07 3 no ballots 16,888 AR
Connecticut half-dozen 30,318 48.59 6 27,051 43.35 - 5,005 8.02 - 62,398 CT
Delaware 3 6,440 51.80 3 5,910 47.54 - 82 0.66 - 12,423 DE
Florida 3 4,120 57.20 iii iii,083 42.fourscore - no ballots vii,203 FL
Georgia 10 47,532 51.49 10 44,785 48.51 - no ballots 92,317 GA
Illinois 9 52,853 42.42 - 55,952 44.91 nine 15,702 12.60 - 124,596 IL
Indiana 12 69,907 45.77 - 74,745 48.93 12 viii,100 5.30 - 152,752 IN
Iowa iv 9,930 44.59 - 11,238 50.46 4 1,103 4.95 - 22,271 IA
Kentucky 12 67,145 57.46 12 49,720 42.54 - no ballots 116,865 KY
Louisiana 6 18,487 54.59 six 15,379 45.41 - no ballots 33,866 LA
Maine 9 35,273 40.25 - twoscore,195 45.87 9 12,157 thirteen.87 - 87,625 ME
Maryland 8 37,702 52.x 8 34,528 47.72 - 129 0.18 - 72,359 MD
Massachusetts 12 61,072 45.32 12 35,281 26.eighteen - 38,333 28.45 - 134,748 MA
Michigan 5 23,947 36.eighty - thirty,742 47.24 5 10,393 fifteen.97 - 65,082 MI
Mississippi 6 25,911 49.40 - 26,545 50.60 6 no ballots 52,456 MS
Missouri 7 32,671 44.91 - 40,077 55.09 vii no ballots 72,748 MO
New Hampshire 6 fourteen,781 29.50 - 27,763 55.41 six 7,560 fifteen.09 - fifty,104 NH
New Bailiwick of jersey vii 40,015 51.48 vii 36,901 47.47 - 819 1.05 - 77,735 NJ
New York 36 218,583 47.94 36 114,319 25.07 - 120,497 26.43 - 453,399 NY
Northward Carolina 11 44,054 55.17 11 35,772 44.80 - no ballots 79,826 NC
Ohio 23 138,359 42.12 - 154,773 47.12 23 35,347 ten.76 - 328,479 OH
Pennsylvania 26 185,313 l.28 26 171,976 46.66 - xi,263 3.06 - 368,552 PA
Rhode Isle 4 6,779 60.77 4 three,646 32.68 - 730 6.54 - xi,155 RI
South Carolina 9 no pop vote no pop vote nine no popular vote - SC
Tennessee 13 64,321 52.52 13 58,142 47.48 - no ballots 122,463 TN
Texas 4 4,509 29.71 - 10,668 70.29 4 no ballots 15,177 TX
Vermont six 23,132 48.27 6 x,948 22.85 - 13,837 28.87 - 47,922 VT
Virginia 17 45,265 49.20 - 46,739 fifty.80 17 no ballots 92,004 VA
Wisconsin four 13,747 35.10 - 15,001 38.xxx 4 10,418 26.threescore - 39,166 WI
TOTALS: 290 i,360,235 47.28 163 1,222,353 42.49 127 291,475 10.13 - 2,876,818 U.s.a.
TO WIN: 146

Electoral higher selection

Method of choosing Electors State(s)
Each Elector appointed by country legislature South Carolina
Each Elector chosen by voters statewide (all other States) *

* Massachusetts law provided that the state legislature would choose the Electors if no slate of Electors could command a majority of voters statewide. In 1848, this provision was triggered.

See also

  • Inauguration of Zachary Taylor
  • 2d Party System
  • United States House of Representatives elections, 1848
  • United States Senate elections, 1848
  • American election campaigns in the 19th century
  • History of the United states of america (1789-1849)

References

  1. ↑ "Voter Turnout in Presidential Elections". The American Presidency Project. UC Santa Barbara.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  2. ↑ http://presidentelect.org/trivia.html
  3. ↑ "About Zachary Taylor". What is U.s. News. February 12, 2014. Retrieved June xvi, 2013.<templatestyles src="Module:Commendation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  4. ↑ Luthin, Richard H. (December 1941). "Abraham Lincoln and the Massachusetts Whigs in 1848". The New England Quarterly. 14 (four): 621–622.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  5. ↑ v.0 v.1 Stone, Irving (1966). They Besides Ran: The Story of the Men who were Defeated for the Presidency. Garden Metropolis, NY: Doubleday. p. 262.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "TheyAlso" defined multiple times with unlike content
  6. ↑ Silbey (2009)
  7. ↑ Library of Congress

Bibliography

  • Blue, Frederick J. The Free Soilers: 3rd Political party Politics, 1848–54 (1973).
  • Boritt, Chiliad. Southward. "Lincoln's Opposition to the Mexican War," Journal of the Illinois Land Historical Society Vol. 67, No. i, Abraham Lincoln Issue (Feb. 1974), pp. 79–100 in JSTOR
  • Earle, Jonathan H. Jacksonian Antislavery and the Politics of Gratis Soil, 1828–1854 (2004).
  • Eyal, Yonatan. "The 'Party Period' Framework and the Ballot of 1848", Reviews in American History Volume 38, Number 1, March 2010, in Project Muse
  • Graebner, Norman A. "Thomas Corwin and the Ballot of 1848: A Study in Conservative Politics." Periodical of Southern History, 17 (1951), 162-79. in JSTOR
  • Hamilton, Holman. Zachary Taylor: Soldier in the White House (1951)
  • Holt; Michael F. The Rise and Autumn of the American Whig Party: Jacksonian Politics and the Onset of the Civil War. (1999). online edition
  • Morrison, Michael A. "New Territory versus No Territory": The Whig Party and the Politics of Western Expansion, 1846-1848," Western Historical Quarterly, Vol. 23, No. 1 (February. 1992), pp. 25–51 in JSTOR
  • Nevins, Allan. Ordeal of the Union: Book I. Fruits of Manifest Destiny, 1847-1852 (1947).
  • Rayback, Joseph Chiliad. Costless Soil: The Election of 1848. (1970).
  • Silbey, Joel H. Party Over Section: The Crude and Set up Presidential Election of 1848 (2009). 205 pp.

External links

  • Presidential Election of 1848: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress
  • 1848 Election Country-past-State popular results
  • The Ballot of 1848
  • How close was the 1848 ballot? — Michael Sheppard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Election of 1848 in Counting the Votes

Navigation

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Source: https://infogalactic.com/info/United_States_presidential_election,_1848